Significance and methods of measurements, Electrical and Electronic. Absolute and secondary instruments. Analog and digital instruments, Electronic instruments. RMS and quasi responding voltmeters, Automation in voltmeters, Accuracy and errors in digital instruments. Transducers, Signal generators, Frequency synthesizers and frequency analyzers, Analog and digital frequency meters. Oscilloscopes, Absorption and detection of radiation, Single channel and multi channel analyzers. Medical instruments: ECG, EEG, EMG, X-ray, Ultrasonography, Endoscopies, Pace-makers. Analytical instruments: pH meter, Thermal conductivity meters, Gas chromatograph, Spectrophotometers, and Mass spectrometers. Interfacing systems: Measurement and control of temperature, pressure, flow, strain, acceleration, vibration, liquid level and humidity. Instrument systems, types and techniques, versatility, data acquisition, stimulus response control, automatic testing , analog and digital interfaces, digital and computer controlled systems analog and digital recording systems, readouts and displays, Grounding of instruments. Electrical Measurements: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Ohmmeter, wattmeter Energy meter, Gauss and frequency meter, Extension of instrument ranges, electronics measuring instrument and oscilloscope.
Course Catalogue
Introduction: Digital Signal Processing and its benefits: Key DSP Operations, Real-time signal processing, Applications.
Discrete Transform: Fourier series, OFT, FFT and other discrete transforms, Z-transforms and its applications in signal processing, correlation and convolution with examples,
Filters: FIR, IIR and adaptive filters.
An overview of spectrum estimation and analysis.
Wave propagation, Maxwell’s equations, Propagation of plane electromagnetic waves and energy. Reflection, Diffraction, Polarization, Poynting vector. Transmission lines. Metallic and dielectrically guided waves including microwave waveguides. Antenna fundamentals. Microwaves generators– Microwave Tubes: Klystron amplifiers, Reflex klystron oscillators, Magnetrons, Backward – Wave Oscillators – Microwave solid-state devices, Varactor diodes, Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes, P-I-n diodes, etc., and their applications. Microwave Components: Waveguides, Directional coupler, Isolators, Waveguide couplers, Circulators, slotted waveguide. Radar Engineering: Basic principals, Basic pulsed Radar system, Band with requirements, Factors governing pulsed characteristics, Duplexer, Moving target indicator, Tracking Radar systems and search systems. Radar Antennas: Parabolic, lenses, cosecant squared antenna The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Computer interconnection structures, components and functions, Bus interconnection.
Computer memory system overview, Internal and External Memory, Cache memory and its mapping functions, Virtual memory. Input/output devices, I/O modules, programmed and interrupt driven I/O, DMA. ALU: Computer arithmetic, Instruction sets, Types of operand, Types of operations and addressing modes, CPU structure and functions, Processor organization, Register organization, Instruction Cycle, Instruction Pipelining.
Control unit: Hardwired control, Micro-programmed Control; Microinstruction. RISC and CISC machines, parallel processing. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Intel 8086 microprocessor, Architecture. Addressing Modes, Data Movement Instructions, segment override prefix assembler. Arithmetic, Logic and Program Control Instructions, Programming in Microprocessor, 8086/8088 Hardware Specifications, Peripheral Interfacing, 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium and Pentium Pro Microprocessors: Introduction, memory management, special features. Introduction to micro-controller. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Wireless communication systems: fixed wireless access, cellular, paging, trucked mobile systems. Wireless access: wireless access networks, base and subscriber stations, frequency planning, multiple access. Noise and interference in wireless communication systems. Cellular systems: Operation, Capacity considerations, Standards, cell size and frequency re-use, cellular mobile Network and call procedure. GSM Radio system, GSM Radio system’s architecture, Roaming, Advantages of TDMA or GSM CDMA cellular system and their advantages. Radio Paging System, Auto paging, operator assisted paging, Automatic call, distribution, Interconnectivity amongst different network. Propagation and system planning, Mobile radio link design. Mobile Satellite Systems: Operation, illustrative systems. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Electron Emission, Photoemission, Thermoelectricity for metals and semiconductors, Electron ballistics, Three Halves Power Law, Electron optics and Electron microscope. Electronic Theory: Band theory, Position of Fermi level, Hall effect and galvanomagnetic effects , drift and diffusion, excess carriers, Ohmic and rectifying contacts, Rectifier equation .Vacuum tubes: CRTs ,Focusing and intensity control, Positioning control, Ion traps, Fluoroscent screen , electrostatic and magnetic deflection systems. Semiconductor Diodes: Diffusion potentials, depletion potential, capacitance effects, Zener breakdown and tunnel diodes. Bipolar junction transistors: Principle, Role of base current on CE, CC, CB configuration, Frequency limitations. Optoelectronics: LED, LASERS, LCD, Optical Fibers, Optical isolators. Power semiconductor devices: Construction and applications: SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, GTO. MOS Devices: DMOS, VMOS, MOSFET, MESFET. Microwave devices: Generation of microwaves. Fabrication of ICs. Introduction to nanoscale electronic devices.
Overview of human body, Principles and concepts in biomedical engineering: transducers and principles: Surface, volume and flow transducers, Catheter and diaphragm based transducers, Force and motion transducers, temperature, heat flow and humidity sensors. Laser Doppler estimation & analysis of micro circulation. Bio-potential, Instrumentation & measurement. ECG EEG , EMG, Pace-makers. Signal Conditioning, Signal Processing and Signal measurement, Chemical Measurement Systems, Biotelemetry, Medical Imaging and Reconstruction Techniques: X-Rays, Ultrasonograph , Endoscopy, CCU, Angiography; ETT; Arrhythmia measurement; Ambulatory measurement, tomography, CT-Imaging, Nuclear Imaging, MRI, PET Scanners, Ultrasound CT. Fourier reconstruction and non invasive image reconstruction techniques
Review of kinematics, forces, moments and Euler’s law. Control techniques, path/position control. Bandwidth, transmission techniques and design optimization. Robot sensors: physical sensing devices. Sensor interfaces, Organization of sensor suits. Contact proximity and machine vision sensors and interfaces. Multi-sensor data fusion: Multi-sensor data fusion fundamentals. Wavelet transform for data fusion. System organization for multi-sensor fusion. Current algorithms and their performance evaluation. Robot system integration, Robot programming languages and systems: Machine language programming. Current trends in robotics: Computer vision techniques, Image acquisition and processing techniques. Vision based control of robot manipulators, Robotics in industry, Military application in robotics
Optical Properties of Semiconductors, LED, LASERs, Photo-detectors-Photo-conductors, junction photo-detectors, PIN detectors, Phototransistors, Darlington phototransistors, optocouplers, light-activated silicon controlled rectifiers (LASCR).Different types of modulations and demodulations of light. Optical fiber cables. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Phosphor screens. Introduction to integrated optics. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.