Background, history, classifications, programming languages for embedded systems. Combinational logic and transistors, RT-level combinational and sequential components, customized single purpose processor design. Structure of microcontrollers, CPU, memory and I/O structure, various microcontrollers, ARM. I/O and memory mapping, addressing modes, interrupts and traps, bus protocols, DMA, system bus configurations, RAM, ROM, SDRAM, flash, basic I/O interfaces. Parallel ports, LEDs, pushbutton, keypad, 7-segment display, LCD display, touchscreen, timers and counters, serial Interface, networked embedded systems. C-language primer, state machines, streams, circular buffers. Development environment, hardware/software debugging techniques, performance analysis, use of hardware debugging modules. CPU and hardware acceleration, multiprocessor performance analysis. Design methodologies and flows, requirement analysis, specifications description, system analysis and architecture design, quality assurance.