This course explores the historical development of South Asia (especially Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan) from the 16th century to the present day from regional and national points of view as opposed to colonial and neocolonial ones. This course includes the role of emerging regional states within the Mughal Empire (1526-1858), the British colonial expansion (1757-1947) and the national states after 1947 and 1971 in South Asia and examines processes of state formation in the context of the national question and class struggles. Thematic considerations of nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries, class structure and economic growth with reference to the agrarian question, formation of a labor force, urbanization, and questions of ideologies and cultural formations have been incorporated in historical outlines.