This course explains key concepts and issues in language testing and provides students with principles and techniques for designing and evaluating language tests and assessment tasks. Functions of language tests, models of language proficiency, and assessment of language skills and components are discussed in this unit. The unit also focuses on other issues such as the reliability and validity of language tests in social contexts. Accordingly, the course is divided into two parts: Part 1, covers topics related to the mandate or purposes of language tests, quality features of language tests, and principles of designing language tests. In Part 2, we focus on assessing communication skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing.